Parallels Of Latin American Culture Essays - Pedro Pramo, Juan Rulfo

Equals Of Latin American Culture There is an uncountable measure of references of Latin American culture found inside the writing, Pedro Paramo by Juan Rulfo, and No One Writes To the Colonel by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. The inquiry is; can the peruser whose social encounters are situated in the United States of American relate and make pertinent to themselves the parts of Latin American Culture? Through the correlation of game, for example, rooster battling, a Latin American interest, The jobs of a modest community versus a huge urban American city, and the part the Patron plays in the network, it tends to be seen that the United States peruser doesn't have the Latin American encounters important to effortlessly identify with a significant number of the circumstances introduced in the writings. Rooster battling is a significant game in No On Writes to the Colonel, and is alluded to commonly all through the book. Cockerel battling is utilized as a methods for monetary addition also, an improvement in ones remaining in the network. Cockerel battling in the story is seen in various lights. To a few, the battles speak to the danger of betting and the rotting condition of the general public. These individuals would see the savage and avaricious nature of the sport as the people groups final hotel for financial strength with a significant expense to pay; ethics and tolerability. The opposite side of the range would see the game as an exceptionally engaging leisure activity that has money related just as social advantages. A man could get rich and regarded off the battling capacity of his prepared creature. Curiously enough there is a profoundly comparative game in the United States that faces these careful conflicting perspectives; for model, the profoundly respected and ignored game of expert wrestling. One side of the United States populace would refer to this action as a shameless and sickening game that benefits from the desire for cash and brutality of a lower-class gathering of people. Be that as it may, the rival side perspectives it only as a decent giggle and a simple and engaging outlet for keeps an eye on vague hunger for betting. These two equals between Latin American culture as introduced in these two messages and United States culture, clearly give the U.S. peruser the capacity to make the circumstances and side interests introduced in the book applicable to themselves. In Pedro Paramo , the plot is based around a very little and confined town named Comala, amidst the Mexican scene. This setting is frequently introduced in Latin American writing since it is just there where humble communities are confined from each other and the remainder of the world as a result of obstructions in the territory and correspondence, as well as convention. The city of Comala, and confined and ruined phantom city isn't addressed or phenomenal when seen in Latin American writing, anyway there is very minimal like this to be found in the United States. The United States peruser would realize that all through the U.S. landmass even little inaccessible urban communities are associated with the knot of correspondence, business and the travel industry that is America. It is on the grounds that the U.S. peruser has never been in a domain as disconnected and totally isolated from a standard society as observed in Comala in Pedro Paramo, it is difficult to truly identify with that kind of setting. This is one case of the immense contrasts between the two societies that meddles with the perusers capacity to associate with the importance of a portion of the material in Latin American writing. One more model that exhibits the impact that the distinctions in the way of life of Latin American and the United States have on the perusers capacity to identify with the content, is the job of a Patron in a network. All through both of the writings the Patron plays a very significant part. He is dreaded, he is regarded and he is the degenerate proprietor of towns and their occupants. In the Latin American culture it isn't viewed as a monopolistic sort of circumstance, fairly to a greater extent a network head controlling the town. In a place that is known for free undertaking and a spot where the legislature has authority over the measure of control that one individual can have over the individuals, the perusers in the United States have practically nothing to identify with regards to the job of the Patron. In spite of the fact that the Patron plays a very strong job in Latin American culture, there is next to no correlation with something of that sort in the U.S. By and by there is by all accounts one more

Management in Egypt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The executives in Egypt - Research Paper Example The degree to which an individual can be acceptable as a director is impacted by a great deal of elements that incorporate yet are not constrained to age, district, religion, culture, sex, understanding and information. One of the most huge and powerful among these components is the way of life that an administrator has a place with. Culture sets the standards, patterns and customs whereupon all strategic policies in a specific district base. So as to maintain a fruitful business, it is basic that the chief completely comprehends and consents to the necessities of the way of life that wins in the territory wherein the business is led. There are a few social factors that improve an individual’s capacity to deal with the work. In like manner, there are numerous variables of social noteworthiness that decrease the individual’s capacity to oversee. For instance, a culture that is responsive towards outside impacts and components may make it extremely simple for a director t o actualize inventive and imaginative thoughts in a business setting. Then again, such a culture may effectively free the innate integrity of the strategic policies as they offer space to remote components. Along these lines, so as to be effective as a director in a specific culture, it is prudent to complete a profound examination of the way of life and study its attributes that may upgrade or decrease the qualification of a person as a chief. This paper targets talking about the positive and negative impacts of the Egyptian culture upon the executives. The executives in Egyptian culture: Egypt has an extremely formal set up of business, and there are a great deal of necessities of intercultural the board. So as to satisfy the prerequisites of the intercultural the board, administrators should be considerate to their most extreme limit constantly. Individuals in force and authority should be managed most extreme regard and respect. Regularly, the training includes an Egyptian speci alist who accept the job of a delegate between a chief and another expert, whose essential assignment is to orchestrate arrangements. For a person who has business in two distinct urban areas in Egypt at once, it is fitting to save two unique specialists for each so matters can be tended to with full convention. Operators for business can be got from the â€Å"commercial attache of the Egyptian Embassy in your nation, the business segment of your country’s government office in Egypt, or the Egyptian Department of Commerce† (kwintessential). Custom is the key attribute of business in Egypt. At the point when individuals meet each other, tea or espresso is normally served and is expected as an image of neighborliness. The refreshment an individual proposals in the business in Egypt speaks to the person face to face. Along these lines, if the individual who is offered the drink doesn't acknowledge it, he/she basically dismisses the offer producer. So as to show neighborli ness and agree to the prerequisites of morals, it is necessary for the visitor to take at any rate a taste, if not drink the entire cup. Egyptians place a great deal of accentuation on an individual’s looks and the manner in which he conducts himself. In the Egyptian culture, individuals are decided by their appearances. Supervisors are basically individuals in power, so they ought to create and keep up a high status. In this way, all together for a person to be fruitful and regarded as a supervisor, it is basic that he introduces himself in an exceptionally proficient manner and makes remain in some global lodging of outrageous norm. Additionally, administrators in Egypt don't separate between their own and expert life. Both go next to each other and regularly converge into one another. Directors will in general help their subordinates in all parts of the activity. Directors

Long Tail Keyword Research Using Long Tail Pro

Long Tail Keyword Research Using Long Tail Pro When it comes to content optimization keywords are the easiest way to improve search engine rankings. But while most are already accustomed to using keywords, long tail keyword optimization still falls under the radar of many online businesses. To businesses, the practice can sometimes seem a daunting project.But searching and optimizing your use of long tail keywords doesn’t need to be a mission impossible. © Shutterstock | Honza HrubyThis guide will introduce you to a tool called Long Tail Pro and we’ll explain how it can help you optimize your content with long tail keywords.LONG TAIL KEYWORDS IN A NUTSHELLTo understand long tail keywords, you need to know what a keyword is. In the context of digital technology, more specifically search engine optimization (SEO), the word refers to “a particular word or phrase that describes the contents of a Web page”. Keywords help search engines analyze and compartmentalize web pages.A keyword can be a single word or, as the above showed, even a phrase. A long tail keyword is in fact a keyword phrase, which contains at least three words.Therefore, if you are picking keywords to your shoe business site:A keyword could be “shoe retailer” or even “shoes”A long tail keyword could be “women’s shoe retailer” or “cheap women’s shoe retailer”.Since long tail keywords include the use of multiple keywords, they can be more suited f or niche use.Advantages of using long tail keywordsThe above example of keywords and long tail keywords also highlight the key advantage of using long tail keywords: the descriptiveness of the keywords. Long tail keywords are more specific and therefore better suited for niche use.Whilst keywords are typically generic and appeal for a mass audience, they don’t narrow down the field enough. In many occasions, a narrow-definition is nonetheless needed to avoid confusion.For example, if you are a shoe retailer, but you only focus on women’s casual shoes, generic keyword such as “shoe” doesn’t help narrow your webpage. The search engine might simply consider the site as a shoe retailer, directing men to your website, even though they won’t want to buy anything.[slideshare id=50526203doc=longtailvsshorttailkeywords-150714195550-lva1-app6892w=640h=330]A specific keyword can help direct quality traffic to your site, as you won’t appeal to visitors that aren’t interested in exactly what you offer.This specific-nature of long tail keywords has another advantage. Since the keywords are more specific, they are less competitive.There are hundreds of sites out there competing for the keyword “shoe”, but less for “cheap women’s shoe retailer”, for example. The more descriptive you go, the more opportunities you’ll have to rank high in that keyword.As the above chart shows, by increasing the descriptiveness of your keywords (by adding more keywords together), you are able to reduce the cost and competition while increasing the probability of conversion.WHAT IS LONG TAIL PRO?There are plenty of tools out there for maximizing your use of long tail keywords. One such software is called Long Tail Pro. According to a number of SEO experts, the program is one of the best long tail keyword research tools you can buy.The product was first launched in 2011. It was created by Internet marketer Spencer Haws, who had been developing long tail websites for cus tomers. Haws developed the software out of frustration for the lack of quality keyword tools, especially in terms of long tail keywords.Long Tail Pro essentially operates by generating a list of unique long tail keywords based on your root keyword suggestions. You can propose a single root keyword or multiple root keywords that relate to your chosen topic and the software will generate appropriate long tail keywords for you to use. The software pools the keywords from different search engines, such as Google. The wide-use of data guarantees you get quality keywords suggested after each search.Long Tail Pro offers two separate plans:Long Tail Starter Plan $25 per month10,000 keyword searches/monthIncluding Access to Long Tail Bootcamp ($127 in Value)Long Tail Annual Pro Plan $45 per month25,000 keyword searches/monthIncluding Access to Long Tail Bootcamp ($127 in Value)You can trial both plans for 7 days for free.WHY USE LONG TAIL KEYWORD RESEARCH TOOLS LIKE LONG TAIL PRO?We’ve d iscussed the advantages of using long tail keywords, but it’s also important to understand the benefits of using keyword research tools.One of the major benefits of software such as Long Tail Pro is the speed and effectiveness it brings to your keyword research.Finding long tail keywords is much faster, as you can:Generate long tail keywords for your specific audience â€" Long Tail Pro allows you to input any keywords in any topic and it provides you with hundreds of niche long tail keywords to use.Analyze the competitiveness of the long tail keywords â€" Not all long tail keywords are competitive and software options will make it easier to analyze the competitiveness of individual keywords.Select the right keywords â€" With Long Tail Pro, you can instantly use the suggestions for fine-tuning your content with the best long tail keywords. You will be able to focus on the key metrics: long tail keywords with the lowest competition and the highest traffic.By using a long tail keywor d research tool such as Long Tail Pro, you can increase the traffic to your website enormously. Statista’s research has shown effective on-page optimization is 50% long tail keyword focused.You can understand the benefits of long tail keywords through case study examples. Neil Patel’s post on long tail keywords analyses a number of such examples. For instance, the post points out the example of River Pools and Spas. The company created a blog post targeting the longer keyword “Problems with fiberglass pools”.Whilst the company is not ranked first on the keyword “fiberglass pools”, the content post is ranked first on Google for the long tail keyword. Furthermore, the post generated 5,000 more views for the site.HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF LONG TAIL PRO TOOLWith the above benefits in mind, let’s move onto examining how you can make the most with Long Tail Pro.Setting up Long Tail ProTo start using the software, you need to head down to the website www.longtailpro.com and sign up with your chosen plan. Once you register on the website, you’ll be able to download the software. If you don’t want to download the software straight away, you’ll also receive a link to the download in your inbox.Click the “Download Long Tail Platinum Here” and you’ll be able to download and open a zip-file. Before you venture further, it’s important to ensure your computer has Adobe AIR. This is a free program, which you can download here. Follow the instructions to install the program(s).When you run the software for the first time, you should pay attention to a few special steps. Before you start creating keyword projects, make sure to:Link it with your Google account â€" Click the “Settings” button at the top right corner of the platform. You’ll see a “Link Google Account” button there. Click it and add your login details.Link it with your Mozscape API account â€" If you don’t yet have this setup, do so at moz.com (free account), as it’s a vit al element of making the most of Long Tail Pro. You’ll need the Mozscape API Key from your account in order to link with Long Tail Pro. You can find the button for linking the Mozscape API account at the “Settings” section.You only need to do the above steps once. The next time you’ll use the software, it’ll remember your logins automatically.Finding valuable long tail keywords with Long Tail ProAfter you’ve signed up with the service and installed the software to your computer, it’s time to start searching for keywords. Finding long tail keywords is easy with these four steps.Step #1: Create a keyword project in Long Tail proOn the left corner of the screen, you should see a yellow plus icon. Click on it to create a keyword project. You’ll see a pop-up, which will allow you add the following details to your project:Project TitleKeyword languageInclude adult ideasTargeting:You can choose the country for your project â€" For example, if you are creating a project in t he United Kingdom, you can select the country from the menu.Search network â€" Selects the network for generating the keywords, local or global. Again, the selection will depend on the nature of your project.Once you adjust the above details according to your project needs and preferences, you can click ‘Create’.You can create as many keyword projects as you want. This is especially useful if you have a content-rich blog and you need to juggle between different projects.You’ll be able to see all the projects you’ve created in the drop-down menu on the left corner. Once you’ve created the projects, you can pick one and begin your keyword search.Step #2: Search for valuable keywordsWhen you’ve chosen your project, you can click the “Find Keywords” button. This will open up a pop-up window for detailing the type of keywords you are looking for.Write the proposed keywords to the “Add Seed Keywords” section. For example, if you are looking for long tail keywords relat ing to “online marketing”, you’ll add this and the software will provide you a list of suitable keyword ideas.You can include a single keyword or a few seed keywords at this point, depending on your needs. At this point, you can also add filters to your results if you want. But the filtering can be done at any point, and we’ll discuss it in more detail during ‘Step #4’.Click the “Generate Keywords Fetch Data” and you’ll be provided with a list of related long tail keywords.Step #3: Assess the keyword competitivenessBefore you start analyzing and picking the keywords for your website, you’ll want to look at the competitiveness of the suggestions. You don’t want to pick any keyword, as long tail keywords also have a mix of good and bad options.The competitiveness ranking in Long Tail Pro is a crucial part of boosting your long tail keyword success. When you view the results of your search, you can see a column stating the “average keyword competitiveness”.   This should be the key part of your focus.The software calculates the keyword competitiveness with the following formula: page authority +/- page title factor +/- keywords in domain factor +/- domain length. The competitiveness average is presented with a number ranging from 1 to 100.To analyze the competitiveness, look at the following chart:0-10 non-existent competition10-20 very low competition20-30 low competition30-40 moderate competition40-50 relatively high competition50-60 high competition60-70 very high competition70-100 extreme competitionWhen selecting your keywords, you should aim for keywords with an under 45-competitiveness average. This is due to these keywords being relatively free from competition, but not obscure enough to not generate searches. You’ll be able to find keywords that are in use (meaning they are popular), but aren’t too competitive (making it harder to rank at the top with them). In short: the lower the number the easier it is to rank for it.Be mindful of the fact that a lower competitive ranking doesn’t automatically guarantee the keyword is worth using.Overall, it is a good idea to balance the keywords you choose to use. You should aim to pick keywords with a competitiveness average of 30-45, but you can also add a few 45-65 keywords with a selection of lower competitive keywords.Step #4: Select the keyword you want your website to rankWith the above in mind you can start selecting the suitable keywords. It’s easy to add your chosen keywords to your project by marking it favorite. If you are a bit unsure about a keyword, you can even include notes. This will allow you to revisit keywords later.Aside from the average competitiveness rank, you can also find more about each keyword. When you click a chosen keyword, you can view:Top 10 results of the keyword on Google, including:The websitePage authorityPage linksIf you find a keyword with a profitable keyword competitiveness ranking (25-45), you should favorite it and c heck the above information to understand your current competition a bit better.Furthermore, you can also add further filters to your limit. These can help define your long tail keyword search even further. We already mentioned that you can filter your search based on the specific location (country) and adult-based themes.Aside from these, you can include other filters such as certain keywords. For example, if you are looking for long tail keywords to increase sales at your website, consider adding filters such as “best”, “review”, “cheap” and “buy”. People often use these when they are already committed to making a purchase.For example, if you are selling leather sofas and you’ve used this as your seed keyword, you can also filter it for “cheap” and “best”.Favorite your chosen keywords and you can find them under the favorites bar. You can return to your project at any point and manage the favorite keywords by removing and adding keywords as you conduct fur ther research.Check out more tips for filtering from the below YouTube video: HOW TO OPTIMIZE YOUR CONTENT TO BENEFIT FROM YOUR LONG TAIL KEYWORD RESEARCHAfter you’ve chosen your long tail keywords for your projects, you need to add the keywords to your content. When optimizing the use of long tail keywords in your content, consider the following tips. You should add the chosen keyword or keywords to your content:The post’s title should feature the keyword â€" “The best â€"insert keyword- in town”The URL should highlight the keyword â€" http://examplewebsite.com/your-keyword-hereThe META description of the postUse the keyword in the first sentence or the first paragraph â€" you could even use bold or italics to emphasizeInclude the keyword to at least one sub heading with an ‘heading 2’-tagFeature the keyword in 1% or less of the content â€" in a 700-word long post, you should have the keyword used a few times, but no more than seven mentions.If you include an image to y our post, use the keyword in the ALT-tag of the image â€" it’s a good idea to make the ‘Title’-tag and the image-file name the same.Use the keyword as a tag for the post â€" If you are using WordPress, you might find the keyword already has its own Category.Finally, if you are using WordPress, then consider adding an SEO plugin to your site. The Yoast SEO plugin, for example, helps you go through the above points in an instant and guarantees you don’t miss using long tail keywords in your content.THE FINAL VERDICTAs the above has hopefully shown you, Long Tail Pro is straightforward and simple long tail keyword research software to use. It uses plenty of data and the competitiveness analysis of each keyword will quickly show you, which long tail keywords are worth your time and effort.Although Long Tail Pro costs around $25 per month, it is worth the cost in terms of enhanced traffic generation and improved content. You’ll be able to focus your content creation on areas th at are guaranteed to provide higher traffic to your website and you’re sure to come across keywords you didn’t think would suit your site well!For any business, the ‘following’ it is able to attract is perhaps the most important factor in figuring the value of the product or service. With Long Tail Pro, you aren’t just taking our word for the benefits it could provide to your business; you’ll join over 70,000 online marketers who vouch for the software. That figure says plenty about the effectiveness of this method and the software itself.

The Exploitative Colony of Virginia Essay - 4348 Words

The Exploitative Colony of Virginia I believe that the early settlers of the colony of Virginia made it into an exploitative and ignorant colony, due to the fact that it was set up primarily to make a small number of individuals wealthy while ignoring the rights of its other members. In the year 1607, a group of adventurers from the Virginia Company established the first English-American colony in the Chesapeake Bay area (Greene, 1988). They landed in Jamestown, and it became the first English settlement to survive in the New World. They named the colony Virginia. In its early history, Virginia was known for its drive to conquer the land and in some cases people, so that it would bring its main benefactors wealth and power†¦show more content†¦The relationship was shaky mainly because the Europeans were naive and ignorant to the Native Americans way of life. Thus, twice the Indians put on all out attacks against the unsuspecting Europeans because of this fact. Through it all, the early history of colonial Virg inia suggest that it was backwards compared with other colonies, but Virginia eventually began to settle down and found its way to stability after it spent most of its history being ignorant to the red, black, and even in some of the white men. In 1588, the defeat of the Spanish armada by Englands Sir Francis Drake signaled the slow decline of Spain. But while this was happening the first permanent settlement of the English in the New World on Reannex Island fails. It was then almost two decades later till they tried again (Todd Curti, 1968). However, Spain was different from the English, in that what their explorers did was under government supervision; it was all done in the name of Spain. England was not a wealthy nation, so they could not finance groups like Spain had done. However, they did promise land to those who were willing to adventure out to the New World. Trade companies then took it upon themselves to finance and establish land out-posts in the New World. Therefore, the control of the New World would be that of those from the Old World. England was ambitious to and anxious to get a foot in the New World, and it paidShow MoreRelatedRoots of American Democracy Essay642 Words   |  3 Pagesexample, The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first instance of representative democracy in the New World. It involved a form of Congress, with 2 representative politicians per state. Smaller towns and outposts held town meetings, in which a fairly primitive form of Congress was utilized. As the Colonial sense of identity and self-government grew, so did the dissent between the Colonies and Great Britain. In an effort to display its superiority, Britain enacted several exploitative acts upon theRead More tempcolon Confronting Colonialism and Imperialism in Aime Cesaires A Tempest1403 Words   |  6 Pagesthe idea of colonialism as presented in Shakespeare’s The Tempest.   He is successful at this attempt by changing the point of view of the story.   Cesaire transforms the characters and transposes the scenes to reve al Shakespeare’s Prospero as the exploitative European power and Caliban and Ariel as the exploited natives.   Cesaire’s A Tempest is an effective response to Shakespeare’s The Tempest because he interprets it from the perspective of the colonized and raises a conflict with Shakespeare as anRead More The Development of Racism Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pagesexchanged for Native Americans from Connecticut (Loewen 107). The first Europeans to come to the Americas were responsible for the early exploitative relationships that then developed into racism between any group considered to be an other. The possible frustration at their inability to take care of themselves as sufficiently as the Indians, led the Virginia colonists to desire to be masters of slaves (Zinn, 25). African slaves were more helpless than the Indians due to their unfamiliarity toRead MoreNative Americans And Inuit From The American Arctic1337 Words   |  6 Pagesmanipulated to meet the goals of businessmen, clerics, scientists, or politicians. Civil interaction with native peoples was pursued only when it was critical to the success of European ventures such as procuring gold, silver, fur, and land. These exploitative or antagonistic relationships with native groups arose from ethnocentric attitudes which to some degree still persist in both public and private arenas. 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Traffickers may present an opportunity that sounds more like smuggling to potential victims. They could be asked to payRead MoreWomen as Commodity8899 Words   |  36 Pagesmigrant smuggling and related crimes can be very difficult for a number of reasons: Some trafficked persons might start their journey by agreeing to be smuggled into a country illegally, but find themselves deceived, coerced or forced into an exploitative situation later in the process (by e.g. being forced to work for extraordinary low wages to pay for the transportation). Traffickers may present an opportunity that sounds more like smuggling to potential victims. They could be asked to

Compare And Contrast Aztec And Aztecs - 702 Words

Sadaf Ebadi HUM2210 Humanities Professor: Wilson Kaiser October 16, 2017 THE AZTEC AND INCA EMPIRES 1300-1550 THE AZTEC AND INCA EMPIRES 1300-1550 During that time as previous, pre-European civilizations in the Americas, the Aztec and Inca empires were separate and distinct civilizations. Both civilizations were without question very advanced and had their own complex but very well-organized society. Polytheism (who beliefs in multiple gods) dominated both empires. They worshiped idols extensively and interestingly, the Sun God held the high place in both societies. However, both civilizations shared some similarities, there were remarkable differences between the two empires. These contrasts and similarities can be seen in†¦show more content†¦The Incas adopted a language called Quechuan which is still frequent in the Andes region today. The Aztec language was called Nahuatl. These were separate and distinct language, Quechuan belonging to the Andean-Equatorial Indian Language group while Nahuatl belonged to the Aztec-Tanoan group. The Incas did not develop a written or symbolic glyph system of the Quechuan language t o record events but rather used the quipu, a mnemonic device of knotted cords. The Aztecs did develop a written version of Nahuatl in the form of glyph to record time and events. With regards to counting and measurement the Incas used a base ten system. The Aztec system of counting was based on units of twenty. In contrast, the Aztec empire was an alliance of three powerful city-states with each having various periods of greater influence. The Aztec used an â€Å"uncertain† succession system in which the ruler was selected from a pool of eligible royals. The Aztec empire was composed of over four-hundred communities conquered by the Aztecs who were linked to the empire by the promise of paying tribute to the Aztecs. Furthermore, these communities often retained their own leaders if the tribute was paid. The Aztecs held power over their subjects and believed in their right to rule because they passionately felt they had a mission as a people to prevent the destruction of theShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Essay (Aztec and Incas)833 Words   |  4 PagesGabriella LoBue May 14, 2013 Mrs. McAulay Global 9H The Aztec and Inca Empires arose 1000 to 1500 century C.E. in Mesoamerica and South America. The Aztecs arrived in central Mexico approximately the fifteenth century. The Incas settled in the region around Lake Titicaca about mid-thirteenth century and by the late fifteenth century, the Incas had built an enormous empire stretchingRead MoreCompare and Contrast Maya, Aztec, and Inca Culture Essay677 Words   |  3 PagesCompare and contrast Maya, Aztec, and Inca culture In history we the people have found to realize that the Maya, Aztec, and Inca culture was one of the most incredible findings of their accomplishments. The Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations were really smart in topics of engineering, writing, agriculture and astronomy. Also all three had their beliefs, and good with agriculture. All three cultures used great technologies in their agriculture like slash and burn, terrace farming. They all huntedRead MoreCompare and contrast the Aztec civilization and the Mayan civilization.2454 Words   |  10 PagesThe Aztecs civilization and the Mayan civilization where the most important civilizations from the new world that amazed many of the Europeans that came to conquer this wonderful rich land. The Europeans where amazed with the Aztec and Mayan culture, their ways of life, their geographical surroundings and their technology. The Europeans and historians today find that the Aztecs and the Mayans where similar in some ways of life like th eir culture, their technology, their religious events and at theRead MoreColumbus and Cortes Essay1060 Words   |  5 Pagesdirected the men where to find it, assisted them in carrying the casks full of it to the boat, and seemed to take great pleasure in serving us.† Herman Cortes and his men also received a majestic welcoming in the Aztec capital. In the account of the dialogue of Cortes and the Aztec ruler Motechzoma, the first thing the ruler did was give necklaces to Cortes and his men. Motechzoma gave Cortes a standing welcome and, in fact, bowed before Cortes addressing him as Lord. At the end of the greetingRead MoreAre Bernal Diaz’s Accounts of Cortezs Mission Accurate Essay636 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Americas were not connected with the world and would remain that way until Columbuss exploration. In the beginning of 15th century, the Aztecs were the dominant group in Mesoamerica leaded by Montezuma, the last leader, before the Spanish conquest. In 1519, Hernan Cortez led the Spanish mission to explore and conquer the New World. This paper will compare three primary sources about this event. First, an informing letter sent from Cortez to King Charles V, the king of Spain. Second, the BrokenRead MoreIncas and Aztecs Essay1959 Word s   |  8 PagesIncas and Aztecs Like the Athenians and Spartans of ancient Greece, the Inca and the Aztec bear resemblance to the two other ancient cultures. The Athenians and Incas were both more interested in developing their Arts as well as their military, but both the Spartans and the Aztecs were highly interested more so in warfare than religion. Although the Aztec and Inca never had to face each other, it is interesting to compare them because of their dominant positions of extremely large and powerfulRead MoreCCOT And CC Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesAfrica Compare and contrast life in foraging societies with life in agricultural societies after the Agricultural Revolution Identify two key changes in early African history that resulted in a new period in the history of the region The Middle East Analyze the political changes in the Middle East from the Agricultural Revolution to 600 c.e. Compare and contrast the basic features of TWO of the following religious systems prior to 600 c.e. Polytheism Judaism Christianity Asia Compare the originsRead MoreLost Worlds986 Words   |  4 Pagesthemselves. Harvey eventually gets exposed to ancient Aztec monuments when he runs into Professor Rogstart who is viewing stone carvings. As Harvey decides to take a closer look at the stone carvings, he is seeing history of his heritage and begins to compare it. â€Å"Gomez wondered how many Aztecs were scared into believing in their gods, like his father tried to make him believe in Jesus and the Virgin Mary† (Chacon 60). He starts thinking how the Aztecs were raised up into worshiping their gods in MexicoRead MoreAmerican History Essay938 Words   |  4 Pages Question 8 Based on their experiences in Ireland, the English believed: that they, a civilized people, could not mix with savages. Question 9 Which of the following played a major role in the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs? Diseases to which the Aztecs lacked natural immunity Question 10 Native communities in what is today considered Mexico based their system of farming around what stable crop? Maize Question 11 In comparison to __________ communitiesRead MoreSocial Structure Essay example1164 Words   |  5 Pagesthe culture today. Had syncretism not occurred or if syncretism had taken root during earlier encounters in China or India the world today would be different. Various cultural factors in would affect the outcome of syncretism tremendously. Compare/ Contrast Cultural Syncretism Cultural syncretism was active in some societies but not in all; syncretism was not affective in more cultures because some cultures were simply more developed. With the expansion of cultural syncretism, it was easier for

Nano Station M2/M5 Loco Manual Free Essays

string(150) " the ground wire as a part of the safety certification, modification or misuse can provide a shock hazard that can result in serious injury or death\." Models: NanoStation M2/M5 NanoStation Loco M2/M5/M900 Introduction Introduction Thank you for purchasing a Nanostation M series product. This is a point-to-point CPE wireless device. This Quick Start Guide is for use with the following models: Model NanoStation M2 NanoStation M5 NanoStation Loco M2 NanoStation Loco M5 NanoStation Loco M900 Operating Frequency 2403-2475 MHz 5170-5875 MHz* 2402-2482 MHz 5170-5875 MHz* 904-926 MHz Ethernet Ports 2 2 1 1 1 * Only 5745-5850 MHz is supported in the USA and Canada Package Contents UB I NE T UB I ET ITI N QU RKS WO ITI N QU UB I NE T UB I ET ITI N QU RKS WO ITI N QU NanoStation 24v PoE Adapter Power Cord Mounting Ties * Products may be different from pictures and are subject to change without notice. We will write a custom essay sample on Nano Station M2/M5 Loco Manual or any similar topic only for you Order Now Installation Requirements †¢ 10 mm wrench †¢ Shielded Category 5 (or above) cabling should be used for all wired Ethernet connections and should be grounded through the AC ground of the PoE. We recommend that you protect your networks from the most brutal environments and devastating ESD attacks with industrial-grade shielded Ethernet cable from Ubiquiti Networks. For more details, visit www. ubnt. com/toughcable 1 Quick Start Guide Hardware Overview Secondary Ethernet Port* * Secondary Ethernet Port included only on NanoStation M2 M5 Secondary Main Reset Main Ethernet Port Note: Secondary Ethernet Port is capable of 24V Power over Ethernet output which can provide power to a secondary device. It can be enabled using the AirOS interface. LEDs LAN1 LAN2 Power The Power LED will light steady green when properly connected to a power source. LAN1 WAN/Main Ethernet The LAN1 Ethernet LED will light steady green when an active Ethernet connection is made to the Primary Ethernet Port and flash when there is activity. LAN/Secondary Ethernet The LAN2 Ethernet LED (on NanoStation M2/M5 only) will light steady green when an active Ethernet connection is made to the Secondary Ethernet Port. Signal These LEDs display the signal strength. LAN2 2 Typical Deployment Typical Deployment Connect the Power Cord to the PoE Adapter and a power outlet LAN or Computer to Ethernet Port labeled LAN on PoE Adapter Ethernet Port on Ubiquiti Device to Ethernet Port labeled POE on PoE Adapter Note: Shielded Category 5 (or above) cabling should be used for all wired Ethernet connections and should be grounded through the AC ground of the PoE. Quick Start Guide Accessing AirOS 1. Make sure that your host machine is connected via Ethernet to the Ubiquiti Networks device (as shown on previous page). 2. Configure the Ethernet adapter on your host system with a static IP address on the 192. 168. 1. x subnet (e. g. 192. 168. 1. 100). 3. Launch your Web browser and type http://192. 168. 1. 20 in the address field and press ent er (PC) or return (Mac). 4. Enter ubnt in the Username and Password fields. Select your country from the Select Your Country drop-down. To use the product you must agree to the terms of use. To do so, click I agree to these terms of use. Click Login. 5. The AirOS Interface will appear allowing you to customize your settings as needed. 4 Ubiquiti Networks Wiki and Forum Ubiquiti Networks Wiki and Forum Ubiquiti Networks has an online Wiki with Manuals, Guides, and Information. It is located at www. ubnt. com/wiki. Another great resource is the Ubiquiti Networks Forum. You can post and view comments, questions, and answers with other forum members and Ubiquiti staff at www. ubnt. com/forum. 5 Quick Start Guide Installer Compliance Responsibility Devices must be professionally installed and it is the professional installer’s responsibility to make sure the device is operated within local country regulatory requirements. Since Ubiquiti Networks equipment can be paired with a variety of antennas and cables, the Antenna Gain, Cable Loss, and Output Power fields are provided to the professional installer to assist in meeting regulatory requirements. Note: This product is locked to the US Country Code to ensure compliance with FCC regulations. 6 Specifications Specifications NanoStation M Enclosure Size Weight Max Power Consumption Power Supply Power Method Operating Temperature Operating Frequency M2 M5 Networking Interface 2403 MHz – 2475 MHz 5470 MHz – 5825 MHz 2 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet Ports 29. 4 x 8 x 3 cm 0. 5 kg 8 Watts 24V, 1A PoE Supply Included Passive PoE (Pairs 4, 5+; 7,8 return) -30 ° to 75 ° C NanoStation Loco M Enclosure Size Weight Max Power Consumption Power Supply Power Method Operating Temperature Operating Frequency Loco M900 Loco M2 Loco M5 Networking Interface 904 – 926 MHz 2412 MHz – 2462 MHz 5470 MHz – 5825 MHz 1 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet Ports 163 x 31 x80 mm 0. 8kg 5. 5 Watts 24V, 0. 5A PoE Supply Included Passive PoE (Pairs 4, 5+; 7,8 return) -30 ° to 80 ° C 7 Quick Start Guide Safety Notices 1. Read, follow, and keep these instructions. 2. Heed all warnings. 3. Only use attachments/accessories specified by the manufacturer. WARNING: Do not use this product in location that can be submerged by water. W ARNING: Avoid using this product during an electrical storm. There may be a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. Electrical Safety Information 1. Compliance is required with respect to voltage, frequency, and current requirements indicated on the manufacturer’s label. Connection to a different power source than those specified may result in improper operation, damage to the equipment or pose a fire hazard if the limitations are not followed. 2. There are no operator serviceable parts inside this equipment. Service should be provided only by a qualified service technician. 3. This equipment is provided with a detachable power cord which has an integral safety ground wire intended for connection to a grounded safety outlet. . Do not substitute the power cord with one that is not the provided approved type. Never use an adapter plug to connect to a 2-wire outlet as this will defeat the continuity of the grounding wire. b. The equipment requires the use of the ground wire as a part of the safety certification, modification or misuse can provide a shock hazard that can result in serious injury or death. You read "Nano Statio n M2/M5 Loco Manual" in category "Essay examples" c. Contact a qualified electrician or the manufacturer if there are questions about the installation prior to connecting the equipment. 8 General Warranty General Warranty UBIQUITI NETWORKS, Inc (â€Å"UBIQUITI NETWORKS†) represents and warrants that the Products furnished hereunder shall be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment by UBIQUITI NETWORKS under normal use and operation. UBIQUITI NETWORKS sole and exclusive obligation under the foregoing warranty shall be to repair or replace, at its option, any defective Product that fails during the warranty period. The expense of removal and reinstallation of any item is not included in this warranty. The foregoing warranty is exclusive and in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose and any warranties arising from a course of dealing, usage or trade practice with respect to the products. Repair or replacement in the manner provided herein shall be the sole and exclusive remedy of Buyer for breach of warranty and shall constitute fulfillment of all liabilities of UBIQUITI NETWORKS with respect to the quality and performance of the Products. UBIQUITI NETWORKS reserves the right to inspect all defective Products (which must be returned by Buyer to UBIQUITI NETWORKS factory freight prepaid). No Products will be accepted for replacement or repair without obtaining a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) number from UBIQUITI NETWORKS. Products returned without an RMA number will not be processed and will be returned to Buyer freight collect. UBIQUITI NETWORKS shall have no obligation to make repairs or replacement necessitated by catastrophe, fault, negligence, misuse, abuse, or accident by Buyer, Buyer’s customers or any other parties. The warranty period of any repaired or replaced. Product shall not extend beyond its original term. Warranty Conditions The foregoing warranty shall apply only if: (I) (II) The Product has not been subjected to misuse, neglect or unusual physical, electrical or electromagnetic stress, or some other type of accident. No modification, alteration or addition has been made to the Product by persons other than UBIQUITI NETWORKS or UBIQUITI NETWORK’S authorized representatives or otherwise approved by UBIQUITI NETWORKS. The Product has been properly installed and used at all times in accordance, and in all material respects, with the applicable Product documentation. All Ethernet cabling runs use CAT5 (or above) shielded cabling. (III) (IV) Disclaimer: UBIQUITI NETWORKS does not warrant that the operation of the products is error-free or that operation will be uninterrupted. In no event shall UBIQUITI NETWORKS be responsible for damages or claims of any nature or description relating to system performance, including coverage, buyer’s selection of products for buyer’s application and/or failure of products to meet government or regulatory requirements. Returns In the unlikely event a defect occurs, please work through the dealer or distributor from which this product was purchased. 9 Compliance Compliance FCC Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operations of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. For MPE and antenna usage details, please visit our website at www. ubnt. com/compliance Industry Canada Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a type and maximum (or lesser) gain approved for the transmitter by Industry Canada. To reduce potential radio inteference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e. . r. p. ) is not more than that permitted for successful communication. This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause interference, and 2. This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. En vertu des reglements d’Industrie Canada, cet emetteur radio ne peut fonctionner avec une antenne d’un type et un maximum (ou moins) approuves pour gagner de l’emetteur par Industrie Canada. Pour reduire le risque d’interference aux autres utilisateurs, l’antenne type et son gain doivent etre choisies de facon que l’equivalent puissance isotrope rayonnee equivalente (pire) n’est pas plus que cela autorise pour une communication reussie. Et Cet appareil est conforme a la norme RSS Industrie Canada exempts de licence norme (s). Son fonctionnement est soumis aux deux conditions suivantes: 1. Cet appareil ne peut pas provoquer d’interferences et 2. Cet appareil doit accepter toute interference, y compris les interferences susceptibles de provoquer un fonctionnement du dispositif. 10 Compliance RF Exposure Warning The transceiver described here emits radio frequency energy. Although the power level is low, the concentrated energy from a directional antenna may pose a health hazard. Do not allow people to come closer than 55. 53 cm to the antenna when the transmitter is operating. Additional information on RF exposure is available on the Internet at www. fcc. gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins L’emetteur-recepteur decrit ici emet de l’energie de frequence radio. Bien que le niveau de puissance est faible, l’energie concentree a partir d’une antenne directionnelle peut presenter un danger pour la sante. Ne pas permettre aux gens de se rapprocher de 55. 53 cm a l’antenne lorsque l’emetteur est en marche. Des renseignements supplementaires sur l’exposition aux RF est disponible sur Internet a www. fcc. gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins CE Marking CE marking on this product represents the product is in compliance with all directives that are applicable to it. Alert sign! Follows CE marking Alert sign must be indicated if a restriction on use applied to the product and it must follow the CE marking. NB-Identification number (if there is any) Notified body number is indicated if it is involved in the conformity assessment procedure. Please check the CE mark on the product label to find out which notified body was involved during assessment. 11 English We recommend that you protect your networks from the most brutal environments and devastating ESD attacks with industrial-grade shielded Ethernet cable from Ubiquiti Networks. For more details, visit www. ubnt. com/toughcable Deutsch Schutzen Sie Ihre Netzwerke vor extremen Umwelteinflussen und verheerender elektrostatischer Entladung (ESD), indem Sie abgeschirmte Ethernetkabel in Unternehmensqualitat von Ubiquiti Networks verwenden. Weitere Informationen erhalten Sie unter www. bnt. com/toughcable Espanol Le recomendamos que proteja sus redes de los entornos mas hostiles y los devastadores efectos de las descargas electrostaticas utilizando cable Ethernet blindado con calidad-industrial de Ubiquiti Networks. Para obtener mas informacion, visite www. ubnt. com/toughcable Francais Nous vous recommandons de proteger vos reseaux contre les environnements les plus brut aux et les decharges electrostatiques les plus devastatrices avec un cable Ethernet Ubiquiti Networks avec blindage renforce. Pour en savoir plus, rendez-vous sur www. ubnt. com/toughcable Italiano Si consiglia di proteggere le reti dagli ambienti e dagli attacchi ESD piu invasivi con il cavo Ethernet schermato-di tipo industriale di Ubiquiti Networks. Per ulteriori informazioni, visitare il sito Web www. ubnt. com/toughcable RR062111 Ubiquiti Networks Support Email: support@ubnt. com Phone (9 a. m. – 5 p. m. PST): 408-942-1153 Online Resources Wiki Page: www. ubnt. com/wiki Support Forum: www. ubnt. com/forum Knowledge Base: www. ubnt. com/kb Downloads: www. ubnt. com/support/downloads www. ubnt. com  © 2011 Ubiquiti Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. How to cite Nano Station M2/M5 Loco Manual, Essay examples

Buenos Aries Essay Example For Students

Buenos Aries Essay The capital of the country, Buenos Aires is also Argentinas leading city in population, commerce, and industry. It is located near the Atlantic Ocean coast, on the broad Ro de la Plata, an estuary at the mouth of the Paran and Paraguay rivers. The early Spanish colonists named the city for the good winds that brought them to the port. Today about 10 million people live in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area, one of the largest in the world. The city proper makes up a federal district, and its mayor is appointed by the nations president. The city is not a part of Buenos Aires province, which surrounds it. The CityIts People and CommerceGreater Buenos Aires is made up of many settlements that grew together. The oldest European center lay in the neighborhood of the present Plaza de Mayo, a large plaza in the downtown area. Streets in the city were laid out according to a grid pattern described in the Cdigo de las Indias, a legal document followed by the Spaniards in settling the Western Hemisphere. The original grid is today surrounded by Balcarce, 25 de Mayo, Viamonte, Libertad, Salta, and Estados Unidos streets. Growth of the city first followed the high elevations, along which ox- and horse-drawn two-wheeled carretas carried freight and which the modern main avenues and the rail lines also follow. The most recent developments in the city are the industrial sectors that extend from the old center southward, such as Dock Sud, La Boca, Barracas, Pinero, and Lans. The Paran River plays an important role in the life of Buenos Aires. Oranges, grapefruit, cherries, plums, and vegetables are raised in its delta area. Vacation housing is widespread, and on weekends thousands of people fill the area to engage in recreational activities. The Paran not only provides recreation, but also links the hinterlands with Buenos Aires and supplies water to the population. The central business district has high-rise office buildings and retail stores. Automobiles are not allowed on t he Calle Florida, and shoppers roam its elegant stores, coffee houses, and hotels. The nearby Calle Reconquista is the financial center. Outside the central business district much of the surrounding city has attractive cobblestone streets bordered by large, elegant houses and small shops. Many parks and local shopping districts blend in with the residential areas. Various languages may be heard, and in addition to many other languages,. newsstands sell papers in Spanish, English, and German. Buenos Aires is noted for its many excellent bookstores. TransportationBuenos Aires is South Americas greatest railroad center, with lines radiating from the city toward Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil. Within the city there is an extensive subway network. Air transportation is well developed in Argentina and has its focal point in the capital. About three miles (five kilometers) northwest from the downtown center is the airport, Aeroparque Jorge Newberry, which handles do mestic flights and some flights from neighboring countries. Approximately 20 miles (35 kilometers) from the city center lies Ezeiza Airport, the largest in the country and one of the worlds major international air terminals. The vast harbor system in Buenos Aires has opened the shallow river channels to the largest ships. Huge warehouses line the 15 miles (24 kilometers) of wharves. The port is the largest in South America, but the port facilities are old and inefficient. Proposals to move the port to another, better harbor have met with little response. Avellaneda, the main industrial center, is located just south of the Riachuelo River. From north to south major parts of the harbor stand out in a line extending for 6 miles (10 kilometers): huge power plants for the city; the yacht harbor, also used for seaplanes; wharves for large oceangoing vessels; and docks for smaller ships and for river and coastal shipping. CultureBuenos Aires is a major publishing center, noted for the worl d-renowned newspapers printed there. Among the most outstanding are La Prensa and La Nacin. La Prensa became well known for offering social services, library facilities, free evening schools in commerce and music, free medical and legal aid, and a free chemical laboratory. The paper had trouble with President Juan Pern, who expropriated it because of its opposition to him. After Pern was ousted in 1956, the paper was returned to its owners. The city has many schools and technical colleges. The University of Buenos Aires, the major university in Argentina, provides high-level education. In music the city boasts one of the largest opera houses in South America, the Coln Theater. There are many other theaters, in which singers, instrumentalists, and actors from throughout the world perform. Some of the cultural programs are broadcast over a network of radio and television stations. Popular music is dominated by the tango, a type of music originated in Argentina and known all over the w orld. HistoryEarly attempts by Spanish colonists to settle at the site of Buenos Aires, beginning in 1536, were discouraged by the presence of hostile Indians. It was not until 1580 that Juan de Garay, a colonist from Asuncin, established what became the first permanent community at Buenos Aires. The city did not really begin to develop, however, until the late 1700s. In response to British and Portuguese expansion in the area and increased smuggling, Buenos Aires was made the seat of a Spanish viceroyalty in 1776. In the early 19th century Buenos Aires was a major center for the movement to free the country from Spain. The city leaders had foreseen great economic advantages from the free trade that independence would bring. After independence the city grew rapidly as the center of Argentine political power. In 1880 it was made the permanent capital of the republic. Through World War I the city benefited from a stable economy and substantial foreign immigration. During and after Wor ld War II heavy industrial growth contributed to the citys expansion and reinforced its political and economic dominance of the country. Population (1986 estimate), federal district, 2,924,000. BibliographyComptons Encylcopedia Online Aol Keyword: ComptonsThe Learning Company Aol.Keyword: LearnMagellan Maps Yahoo.com: maps .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19 , .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19 .postImageUrl , .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19 , .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19:hover , .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19:visited , .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19:active { border:0!important; } .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19:active , .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19 .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u687004d9e5767bca4d95d15d0336eb19:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Psychophysics Essay

Oranges and writers free essay sample

To give a reader the feeling of being in Florida, there are many different aspects of Florida culture that could be described. In some stories, writers have used orange agriculture to help give the reader the feeling of being in Florida. Oranges have been around Florida since the 1500s and are nearly synonymous with Florida culture. The feeling of being in Florida was created in A Land Remembered when the MacIvey family decided to begin growing oranges. The work of raising cattle was getting too difficult for Tobias MacIvey as he grew older. Oranges seemed to be an easy way to make some additional money. Being new to growing oranges, their efforts were not successful at first. Cattle were allowed to graze in the orange fields so their manure would fertilize the trees. Unfortunately, the cattle had a taste for orange leaves and would eat the lower branches. The obvious answer was taller trees. We will write a custom essay sample on Oranges and writers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since the MacIvey’s had plenty of money, the cost of this initial mistake was no problem. The larger trees thrived. They would haul their crop to Fort Meyers and sell the oranges to the same gentleman that bought their cattle. Oranges were a very successful cash crop for the MacIveys until the first killing freeze during the winter of 1894-1895. That year the entire crop was lost and the family was concerned that the trees would die too. By the end of January, however, the weather had warmed and the trees began to bloom, to the great relief of the MacIvey family. Eventually, their entire land was covered with oranges. Oranges came to America from Southeast Asia (Tantillo). The California orange business first started with a man named William Wilfskill. He planted the first orange in Los Angeles in 1841 (Tantillo). Almost everyone in town laughed at him because they thought it was crazy (Tantillo). William Wilfskill sold oranges to gold rush miners and with the completion of t he transcontinental railroad, shipped them to St. Louis in 1877 (Tantillo). Because of what William Wilfskill did many pioneer families switched to shipping gift fruit (Tantillo). The first commercial orange grower in Florida started 13 years earlier than California when Douglas Dummitt sold his first crop in 1828 (Gouger). By 1859 he was selling 60,000 oranges per year. Oranges first came to Florida in the 1500’s when Ponce deLeon planted the first tree (Gouger). The orange tree thrived and by the late 1700’s the tree was seen growing along riverbanks by the explorer William Bartram (Gouger). When orange growing started in Florida only people that lived near the groves could buy the oranges (Helen). Soon, barges and steamboats were used to transport the oranges out of Florida an up the Atlantic coast. Because of the long trip, oranges were considered a luxury in New York. With the expansion of the railroad into Florida, oranges could be transported to New York in on ly a few days. Soon, the entire country was able to enjoy our delicious citrus fruit. Oranges thrive in semitropical regions such as Florida and subtropical regions such as California and the Mediterranean (Tantillo). The most common orange that is grown in Florida is a blood orange (Tantillo). It is called a blood orange because of the red juices that the oranges make. The blood orange is a hybrid between pomelo and the tangerine (Tantillo). Since there are not many machines that can pick oranges efficiently about 96% of all oranges are harvest by hand (McPhee). Oranges are normally picked from trees that are at least three years old, and the older the tree is the bigger the crop (Helen). The best fruit comes from trees over ten years old (Helen). About 80% of all the oranges that is produced in Florida are turned into orange juice. Brazil is the world leader in orange and total citrus production followed by the U.S. with Florida second by itself in orange production to Brazil (Tan tillo). Florida produces about 75% of the U.S. oranges and accounts for about 40% of the world’s orange juice (Tantillo). Texas and Arizona are the only other U.S. orange-producing states of note, besides California (Tantillo). Florida produces about three times the amount of oranges than California does (Tantillo). The history of orange agriculture in Florida is measured in freezes. The freeze of February 1835 was probably one of the worst freezes in Florida’s history. Oranges freeze at a temperature of 28 degrees Fahrenheit. The way that orange growers protect their tree is by spraying water over the oranges. Because water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit, the frozen water keeps the orange from freezing as long as they continue to be sprayed with water. Even though this method doesn’t always work it is still used to this day. Whenever a horrific freeze goes through Florida and kills most of the oranges, the price always increases, and may triple. This price wi ll stay high for the next three or four years until more oranges are mature enough to produce a large supply of oranges (McPhee). These freezes make for great drama in a novel. Every story always has a conflict. The Florida freezes are a classic man vs. nature conflict. This conflict is discussed by Marjorie Kinnan Rawling during one especially cold winter. She hired extra workers to pick fruit throughout the night to beat a freeze that was coming. Not all the fruit could be picked, so she set pine torches burning throughout the grove to keep the air a few degrees warmer. Sometimes she would succeed and save the fruit. Other years it was just too cold and the fruit was lost. The drama of this conflict is unique to Florida. The orange agriculture industry has always been associated with Florida. From an early age we learn that orange juice comes from Florida. We hear every winter about freezing weather possibly hurting the orange industry in Florida. This is why writers can easily c reate a feel of being in Florida by providing detailed descriptions of event related to orange agriculture. Oranges will always be in Florida’s culture. Works Cited Gouger, Amy. History of Florida Orange Trees | EHow.com. EHow | How To Do Just About Everything! | How To Videos Articles. 18 Sept. 2009. Web. 21 Mar. 2010. . Hill, Helen. Florida Citrus Absolutely Florida! Absolutely Florida Guide to Travel in the Sunshine State. 21 Mar. 2010. Web. 21 Mar. 2010. . McPhee, John. Oranges. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000. Print. Rawlings, Marjorie Kinnan. Cross Creek. New York: Simon Schuster, 1996. Print. Smith, Patrick D. A Land Remembered. Sarasota, Fla.: Pineapple, 2009. Print. Tantillo, Tony. Oranges. Tony Tantillo Farm Fresh. 24 Feb. 2000. Web. 21 Mar. 2010. . Townsend, Chet. The Story of Florida Orange Juice From the Grove to Your Glass. UltimateCitrus.com The Ultimate Citrus Page. 24 Apr. 2006. Web. 21 Mar. 2010. .

Essay on the OlympicsEssay Writing Service

Essay on the OlympicsEssay Writing Service Essay on the Olympics Essay on the OlympicsThe Olympics play an important part not only the sport life but also in the cultural life of the global community. the Olympics involve nations from all over the world and they are the major sport events in every four years in the entire world. At the same time, the Olympics attract not only sportspersons but also spectators, who are interested in sports and who either attend Olympics in the area, where they take place, or watch the Olympic Games broadcasts.The Olympics have a considerable impact on the development of the personal, national and global identity of people because the Olympic Games are the major event in the sport life of the world and people get involved into the Olympics at all level, from individual participation or involvement into the Olympics to the national and global level when people form and support their national teams and compete with other teams and sportspersons from all over the world. Therefore, the Olympics are socially important e vents that take place every four year and shape the individual, national and global identity.Historically, the Olympics were internationally significant event that unite people from all over the world. The Olympics are the major sport event that takes place every four years. The Olympics is the ultimate manifestation of the greatest achievements in the field of sport since every sportsperson participating in the Olympic Games. There are winter and summer Olympic Games which are conducted in winter and summer every four year respectively. The Olympic Games include all the sports registered by the International Olympic Committee as Olympic sports. Sportspersons and teams are qualified for the Olympic Games in the course of the competitions which take place prior to the Olympics during four years period.Moreover, the Olympics have a considerable symbolic significance. For instance, historically, the Olympics were associated with the time, when all wars either ended up or stopped for th e time the Olympics ran. The Olympic Games become a unifying event that unites people on the ground of their love to sport and healthy lifestyle.At the same time, the Olympics have a considerable impact at all levels from the individual level to the global one. However in spite of the level of the impact of the Olympics, the Games contribute to the formation of the imagined community which allows people to shape the imagined identity, which though is short run and fades away, when the Olympics end. People perceive the Olympics in different ways but they can hardly stay indifferent or unaffected by the Olympics.In addition, it is possible to distinguish participants of the Olympics and the spectators, i.e. those individuals, who attend the competitions as well as those, who watch broadcasts of those competitions (Chomsky, 1997). Sportspersons participating in the Olympics develop their identity feeling their unity as the community of sportspersons. Even though this community is imagi ned in a way, because they may never encounter each other in their life before or after the competitions, but during those few weeks of the Olympic Games, they live like a sort of family or community, where all sportspersons feel their belongingness to that community, no matter how short run the existence of this community is (Bagdikian, 2000). The audience of the Olympics comprises another large group of people which may unite in imagined communities and develop their identities within those communities. These communities may exist at the local level, as well as at the national or even international level.People can unite into small communities and change their identity while being a part of those small communities at the local level. For instance, people attending a sport bar on the regular basis develop their identity. They may not even know each others’ name and they may invent their new identity being united by their passion to sport and the Olympic Games.At the national level, people can also unite in imagined community of fans supporting their national teams and sportspersons representing their countries on the Olympics. In such a situation, people feel their unity as the nation but they have the authentic feeling of the belongingness to the community, where they can feel being a part of the nation. In such communities, they develop their identities that may be different from the identity, which they have in their everyday life. For instance, the Olympics may raise patriotic feelings and emotions that contribute to the unity of members of the imagined community consisting of fans of sports and people interested in the Olympics.Moreover, individuals can develop broader communities, at the international level, when each person attending the Olympics feel being members of one community that unites people, who like the Olympics so much that they have abandoned everything and came to watch the major sport events of the Olympics. They may create their small communities in social networks, where they create new imagined identities (Bagdikian, 2000). New communities unite people interested in the Olympics. They can use social networks to establish social relations and communicate with each other and steadily form the international community of people, who are interested in the Olympics and who want to attend the Games.At the same time, they can shape their imagined identity to spend a few weeks in their imagined community. If they use social networks to establish friendly relations with other community members, they can create new identities and other users will never know, whom they really communicate with. Such a freedom of the development of the imagined community allows users and people interested in the Olympics they construct their new identities feeling the unity of their community (Chomsky, 1997).The formation of the identity at all levels among both sportspersons and spectators occur under the impact of the Olympics and it s media presentation. In this regard, it is worth mentioning the fact that the identity of people united by the Olympics occurs under the impact of the Games. The media of the Olympics contribute to the formation of the original atmosphere of the Games that make them a distinct sport event. The Olympics are the brand that always attracts many people from all over the world. For instance, the Olympics is one of the main sport events for professional sportspersons, who view the win on the Olympics as the major achievement in their professional sport career.As for fans and spectators at all levels, they also are vulnerable to the impact of the Olympics. In this regard, the impact of the traditional perception of the Olympics as the exclusive sport event and the past of the Olympic Games that dates back to the time of ancient Greece is particularly strong. Spectators view their presence on the Olympics as if they are present on the important historical event.Essay on   the Olympics pa rt 2

Global Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Global Leadership - Essay Example Coffee exporting possibilities range from exporting raw beans, roasted product, packaged products as well as fast moving consumer products (Such as coffee ready to drink). Although there is already a significant coffee production infrastructure it is my opinion that the market is worth entering. The Coffee association of Canada (2003) indicated that coffee is among the most popular beverage choices in Canada with over 81% of Canadian adults drinking coffee on an occasional basis and over 63% of Canadians drinking coffee daily. Building on this previous point, Agri-Food Canada (2010) indicated that coffee makes up approximately 16% of all non-alcoholic beverage sales in the Canadian market. Source: Agriculture and Agri Food Canada. It was further indicated that average coffee consumption is approximately 2.6 cups a day which exceeds the relative frequency of the United States. Moreover Canadians consume coffee through a number of different channels, home made, at work, through special ty shops discount coffee retailers. By the shear presence of major specialty coffee shops such as Starbucks, Second Cup etc. and major discount retailers such as Tim Hortons or the coffee shop it is apparent that Canadian consumers are familiar with coffee and as such will not need to be educated as consumers on how to consumer coffee.

Critical thinking art paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical thinking art paper - Essay Example Such depiction was evident by the use of multimedia that added to the value of the entire art entertainment. Truly, it is evident that the conceptual basis for such entertainment was the modern time that allows almost everyone in all walks of life to relate with. Therefore, the artwork in the event significantly involved computer technology. By being able to use multimedia presentations synchronizing the actors’ performance on stage, the entire show elaborated a truly new form of entertainment that was remarkably aligned with the modern times. It showcased an art that the new generation today with highly advanced technology can eventually appreciate. As already stated, the use of multimedia was enticing viewers to appreciate the whole theatrical event that is truly different from the classical one. Therefore the use of technology alone was a fundamental component of the Blue Man Group Universal that allowed it to be differentiated from the other theatrical and artistic performers. This eventually created a word of mouth, and as a result, many people were encouraged to experience the live artistic performance of the Blue Man Group Universal. Although the presentation of the Blue Man Group Universal still have important elements like those in any other classical theatrical event, what differentiated it from the rest was the level of interaction it tried to create with its target audience. The artistic performance was eventually designed in such a way that people in different walks of life can relate, both young and old. The interaction was able to create appreciation of the advantage of using technology in order to enhance or refine the presentation of the artistic design. Computer arts was remarkable in the presentation, prior to appealing to human emotion by triggering laughter and awe-inspiring creativity that was made possible via the employment of multimedia presentation. In this case, the use of

Criminology Essays Criminal Cult Crime

Criminology Essays Criminal Cult Crime Criminal Cult Crime CHaPTER 1: INTRODUCTION a criminal cult is a group or movement exhibiting a higher or excessive devotion or dedication to some person, idea. Criminal cults commit crimes ranging from homicide, (Branch Davidians, 1993), arson, drug trafficking, terrorism (aum shinrikyo, 1995), burglary, suicide, (Heaven’s Gate, 1997), and child abuse (Hare Krishnas, 1990). Many individuals in society have wondered about prevalence of criminal cults in recent decades (Lottick, 2005). since 1960, mental health professionals estimate that two to five million americans have been involved with criminal cult groups the 1960’s (Langone, 2003). adults and youths can become criminal cult members. Most criminal cult members come from normal, functioning families, and are educated. Youths overwhelmed by school and parental demands and perplexed by society may affiliate with a criminal cult (singer, 2003). a limited example of destructive cults are presented here, such as the Branch Davidians, led by David Koresh 1981 to1993, aum shirinkyo, led by shoko asahara from 1987 to 1995, (Parachini, 2005). In 1969, there has been a 13% increase in the Us of criminal cults established since 2002 (Fagan, 2004). Get help with your essay from our expert essay writers Background since the 1980s’fundamentalists movements have tripled in size (Ranstorp, 2002). Religious violence fills the pages and media each and everyday (Kent, 2004). There are thousands of unrecognized new religious movements in society (Perlmutter, 2004). at no time in history as today, have more religions existed. society now faces more threats from small and new dangerous cults (Kent, 2004). Many cults resort to violence when the group feels threatened by society and young and inexperience leaders resort to violence when threatened â€Å"from inside or outside† the group (Traverton et al, 2005, p. xiv). Law enforcement needs to understand the complexity of religious differences and the problems new religious movements may generate (Perlmutter, 2004). Police agencies have a challenge to determine the danger many cults impose on society (szubin et al, 2002). Cult groups can turn to violence against society (Langone, 2007). Cult group vary in size, different in doctrines, and perceive the world different (szubin et al, 2002). Many high-profile events can be linked to cults (Merton Bromley, 2002). abusive religions are usually detached from society (Kent, 2004). according to Jinkins (2004) fringe religions and cults have often caused fear in the United states (Lewis, 2004). Criminal cases that have received the most attention include the Peoples Temple, Branch Davidians, aum shinrikyo (1995), solar Temple, and Heavens Gate (Lewis, 2004). Groups with apocalyptic expectations are prone to violence due to their world view condemning the existing social order (Lewis, 2004). since many millennial groups regard themselves as the vanguard of the new order, there is a tendency to disregard the existing normative order. according to Kaminer, (2002) religion can cause cruelty and bigotry. all religions have murdered in the name of God (Marty, 2002). Religious terrorism is violence committed of fulfilling a divine command (Lerner Lerner, 2006). Killing in the name of God has escalated in today’s society (Traverton et al, 2005). Most americans can not comprehend religious violence (Marty, 2002). according to Perlmutter, (2004), religious terrorists never consider their violent acts as terrorism. Religious extremists commit savage attacks against society in the name of God (Traverton, 2005). Many religious terrorists will even risk their lives and the lives of innocent bystanders in suicide missions (Lerner Lerner, 2006). There are similarities between terrorism and cults (Mansfield, 2003). The success of a suicide mission earns them martyrdom and an â€Å"elite place in the afterlife† (Lerner Lerner, 2006, p. 1). Terrorists train very hard in order to succeed in their violent acts (Jac kson, 2005). according to Perlmutter (2004) religious terrorism is â€Å"any act of violence or threatened use of violence by a group or individual with the intent of intimidating individuals, citizens or governments in the furtherance of religious objects† (p. 2). according to Gesy, (2003) adolescents who exhibit hostile behaviors do not see themselves as connected to society, nor depending on society. They cut themselves off believing that they are dependent in an attempt to create something they think is new and better. Religious cults criticize society and claim to create a better society for adolescents. according to Richmund (2004) many cults are destructive and manipulative towards members and society. Law enforcement officers have found the connection between satanism and crime (Karlsberg,). Certain cults in society target teenagers (Richmund, 2004). according to Karlsberg, satanism is a threat to the United states and teenagers. satanism is a concern to law enforcement agencies because of the â€Å"violent and bazaar incidents† (p. 1) involving satanic practices. satanism consists of many different beliefs and practices (Lowney, 2002). The Church of satan teaches that there are no standards for being a satanist (Tamara Roloff, 2002). Teenage satanists are known to have committed physical abuse, stabbings, and mutilating other teenagers (Richmund, 2004). There are satanists that visit cemeteries and churches to perform rituals (Lowney, 2002). The cloak of secrecy allows satanists to avoid being arrested by law enforcement officers (Lewis, 2004). Problem statement The general problem in this study is a lack of general access of information for effective law enforcement criminal investigation on criminal cults. Criminal cults commit crimes ranging from homicide, arson, drug trafficking, terrorism, burglary, suicide, and child abuse. The specific problem in this study is there is that there are barriers to obtaining accurate and immediate information to assist law enforcement officers in investigation with criminal cults. Due to the lack of law enforcement having current information regarding criminal cult activities, professional law enforcement groups concerned about criminal cults have no nationalized database of information and must rely upon private independent criminal cult awareness groups. The solution to information sharing is leadership (Ratcliffe. 2007, p. 7). Law enforcement personnel must take advantage of their information-rich environment (Ratcliffe. 2007, p. 1). Intelligence information allows leaders and decision makers to devise better policing and crime prevention, view of crime patterns, and criminal behavior ((Ratcliffe. 2007, p. 3). The appropriate method and research design will be a qualitative research design. The general population of the proposed study will be United states federal, state, and city law enforcement investigators and trainers. Purpose The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological research study was to identify and address the barriers that prevent federal, state, and city law enforcement personnel in the United states from obtaining accurate and immediate information on criminal cults. The qualitative approach is appropriate for this study because â€Å"qualitative research aims to achieve an in-depth understanding of a situation† (Cooper schindler, 2006, p. 36). The appropriate research design is survey design. The survey design is appropriate because it allow the researcher â€Å"to question the subjects of the study and collect their responses by personal means† (Cooper schindler, 2006, p. 136). according to Creswell (2005) a questionnaire allows the participant to complete and return to the researcher (p. 360). The specific population group of the proposed study will be federal, state and city law enforcement personnel in that deal with cult investigations and enforcement. The geographic location of the study will be the New York City. Relationships and comparisons will be made with the information obtained from the specific population of the study. significance of the study The significance of this qualitative phenomenological study is that it will offer intelligence information and strategies for federal, state and city law enforcement who deal with cult investigation and enforcement. The study is important because it will offer federal, state, and city law enforcement accurate and immediate information on criminal cults. according to Kotter, â€Å"In order to transform your organization you must establish a sense of urgency, identify and discuss crisis, and form a guiding coalition† (p. 50). The contribution this research may make to current and future generation is effectiveness in dealing with criminal cults through accurate and immediate information on criminal cults. The contribution will also lead to further study in area of criminal cults. significance of study to the field of leadership The significance to the study to the field of leadership will allow leadership in federal, state and city law enforcement to collaborate in the area of criminal cult. Cult groups have the higher risk of breaking the law. according to Gebhardt, (2004), law enforcement officers are in the front line protecting citizens (p. 1). The results of this study will add to the body of leadership knowledge literature by â€Å"getting rid of obstacles to change, and develop leaders in the organization who can implement the vision† (Kotter, 1999, p. 50). Law enforcement must work, and face leadership challenges together (Gebhardt, p. 2, 2004). Management â€Å"leads, directs, or manages the organization towards its goals† Dantzker, p. 146, 2003). Nature of the study a qualitative method was appropriated for this research study because qualitative research allows an â€Å"interpretive naturalistic approach to the subject matter† (Denzin 1994, p. 2). The qualitative research arena is the natural setting with an attempt at interpreting and making sense of observable facts by the meaning people give to them. Qualitative research focuses on human behavior in a â€Å"social, cultural, and political contexts in which they occur† (salkind, 2003, p. 13). The qualitative approach refutes the existence of an â€Å"external reality† (Joniak, 2002, p. 2). searle defines external reality as that which exists â€Å"outside and independent† of one’s interpretation (1995, p. 154). Qualitative research embraces internal veracity with an understanding and appreciation of the knowledge acquired. Qualitative research is much more subjective than quantitative research and uses very different methods of collecting information, mainly individual, in-depth interviews and focus groups. The nature of this type of research is exploratory and open-ended. small numbers of people are interviewed in-depth and/or a relatively small number of focus groups are conducted. Participants are asked to respond to general questions and the interviewer or group moderator probes and explores their responses to identify and define peoples perceptions, opinions and feelings about the topic or idea being discussed and to determine the degree of agreement that exists in the group. The quality of the findings from qualitative research is directly dependent upon the skill, experience and sensitivity of the interviewer or group moderator. This type of research is often less costly than surveys and is extremely effective in acquiring information about peoples communications needs and their responses to and views about specific communications. It is often the method of choice in instances where quantitative measurement is not required. a phenomenological survey design gave the researcher the opportunity to gather the appropriate information to the study. according to Cooper and schindler (2003) â€Å"the research design â€Å"constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data† (p. 154). The appropriate research design for this study is in-person and telephone interviews and questionnaires distributed to law enforcement officers in the selected population. Research design serves as the â€Å"plan and structure of investigation so conceived as to obtain answers to research questions† (Cooper, 2003, p. 154). Hypothesis/Research Questions The qualitative, ethnographic study provides answers to the following research questions: 1. Why should leaders care about cults or new religious movements? 2. Why are cults a leadership problem? 3. Why is lack of information a significant problem? It is clear that the generation of the cult of personality came about as a result of personal ambition within parties characterized by certain structural features. Principal among these was the low level of institutionalization of the party at all levels: a lack of definition in leadership positions within a formally collective ethos added to a lack of certainty about tenure of office al all levels of the structure. such structural factors were reinforced by circumstances of the partys growth in economically under-developed societies. a focus upon these structural characteristics of the partys constitution and of its social and temporal location as elements of an explanation of the emergence of a personality cult is much more satisfactory than is an idealist focus upon political culture. The cult seems to spring from the concrete circumstances of the political institutions at the time, rather than from some vague set of principles inherited mysteriously from the traditional political culture. These can at best provide a cultural backdrop. In todays turbulent world, the spotlight on individual leaders and their performance grows ever brighter. Those organizations that are sustaining their value-and the reputation of their leaders-in these challenging times have one thing in common: leaders who pay attention to what they will leave behind them after they are gone. They ask themselves what values will sustain the organization over the long haul; what people will say of them; whether the organization they led will still be there to remember them; and if so, what position they will hold in the organizations memory. The paradox at the heart of organizational leadership is that the leader must add value to the organization but must not take it away when he or she leaves. an essential part of a leaders job is to become dispensable through creating a culture of leadership that extends throughout the organization. When an organization becomes incapable and falls apart after the leader departs, the subsequent ruin is, in a sense, a validation of that leaders talent and evidence of the value added during his or her tenure. But it is also evidence of that leaders failure to endow the organization with the qualities needed to transcend previous achievements, the failure to nurture the conditions under which leadership can flourish. These reflections point to the critical questions: Why should leaders care about cults or new religious movements? Why are cults a leadership problem? Why is lack of information a significant problem? Theoretical Framework In developing a theoretical perspective for examining the barriers to obtaining accurate and immediate information to assist law enforcement personnel in investigating cults committing crimes, several theories and concepts apply. several concepts and theories exists that address cults in society (Lifton, 2003; Juergensmeyer, 2001). The super Power syndrome according to Lifton (2003), the super Power syndrome describes deviant behavior as part of â€Å"psychological and political constellation† (p. xii). Individuals and groups find a need to eliminate vulnerability (p. 129) because they fear that vulnerability. Gruenfeld (2006) contends feeling powerless does not allow the individual or group to â€Å"regulate their impulses and control behavior (as sited by Rigoglioso, 2006, p. 1). One maintains an â€Å"illusion of invulnerability† (Lifton, 2003) to feel powerful and in control. according to Gruenfeld (2006), â€Å"power disinhibit the individual or nation† (p. 1) and â€Å"stop trying to control themselves† (p. 3), (as cited by Rigoglioso, 2006). Cognitive Dissonance Theory Leon Festinger invented the cognitive dissonance theory in 1957 (aronsen, 2000, as cited by Kasdin, p. 141, 2000). Cognitive dissonance theory is considered important and â€Å"provocative theory† (p. 141). according to Festinger (1957) cognitive dissonance is psychological tension pertaining to the conditions that aroused the dissonance (Cohen, 1962). Festinger considered the social group as a source of cognitive dissonance (Matz and Wood, p. 22, 2005). Maintaining conflicting principles (e.g. logically incompatible beliefs) or rejecting reasonable behavior to avoid conflict can be increasingly maladaptive (non-beneficial) as the gap being bridged widens, and popular usage tends to stress the maladaptive aspect. Cognitive dissonance is often associated with the tendency for people to resist information that they dont want to think about, because if they did it would create cognitive dissonance, and perhaps require them to act in ways that depart from their comfortable habits. They usually have at least partial awareness of the information, without having moved to full acceptance of it, and are thus in a state of denial about it. This irrational inability to incorporate rational information is perhaps the most common perception of cognitive dissonance, and this or another example of extreme maladaption would appear to be underlying many conceptions of the term in popular usage. according to Matz and Wood (2005), Festinger studied the reactions of doomsday group members when their apocalyptic predictions failed (Matz and Wood, p. 22). Cosmic War Theory Juergensmeyer (2000) developed the Cosmic War Theory. The Cosmic War theory refers to the battle between the forces of evil against the forces of good (Traverton, 2005). The New King James Version Bible (Revelation 20: 8-9), describes the â€Å"armageddon† as, â€Å"satan will be loosed†¦and gather in Gog and Magog, to gather them together for battle and compass†¦ the beloved city and fire came down from God out of heaven and devoured them† (p. 401). The forces of evil will be punished eternally in hell and the forces of good will be rewarded eternally by God on earth (NKJV Bible, Revelation 20:12). Most world religions teach about the Day of Judgment (Traverton et al, 2005). The Cosmic War Theory is characterized by the justification of violence, operating on a divine time line, the perception of imminent victory, and making powerful those taking up the cause (p. xii). according to Traverton et al (2005), â€Å"many terrorist groups including the al Qaeda, a re dramatizing their cosmic war paradigm (p. xii). apocalyptic destruction is envisioned as ‘consuming flames’ (p. 32) that will devour evil doers (Lifton, 2003). according to the NKJV Bible, Revelation 20:10, â€Å"and the Devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.† anti-social Personality Disorder Psychology plays a central role in understanding cults or new religious movements. according to Burke (2006), antisocial personality disorder (asPD) comprise of groupings of personality traits (p. 3). Blackburn (1998) states an individual with aggressive disposition will commit patterns of verbal or physical aggressive acts (as cited by Burke, 2006, p. 3). Burke (2006) identifies dominance over others and aggression as two prominent asPD traits. Hare (1993) states that psychopathy can affect everyone and remain â€Å"under-identified in society† (as cited by Burke, 2006, p. 4). according to Hare (1993) cult leaders with psychopathic behaviors can be identified (as cited by Burke, 2006, p. 4). according to Burke (2006), â€Å"antisocial cult leaders engage in manipulation, domination, and exploitation for their own ends† (p. 5). Charismatic Leadership according to Hobbs and Higgs (2004), charisma, is the Greek word meaning â€Å"gift of grace† was introduced by Max Weber (1947). Weber defines charisma as a personal quality that sets a person apart from ordinary people (Choi, 2006). Leadership is not the same as expertise (Robinson, p. 1, 2005). according to Choi, (2006), the three components of charismatic leadership consist of â€Å"envisioning, empathy, and empowerment† (p. 24). subordinate empowerment transforms the organization (Yukl, 1989). Charismatic leadership attempts to transform the â€Å"values, beliefs, and attitudes of followers† (Conger and Kanungo, p. 7, 2000). Bennis and Goldstein (2003) stated: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ Good leaders make people feel they are at the very heart of things and that, when they are, they are making contributions to the success of the organization. When that happens, they feel centered and that their work has meaning. Leadership gives the workforce a sense of its own meaning, significance, competence, community, and commitment†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (p. 5). according to Conger and Kanungo (1992), charismatic leadership has its negative side. according to Conger and Kanungo (1992) leaders can become extremely narcisstic leading to â€Å"self-serving and grandiose aims, †¦ exaggerated behaviors, lose touch with reality, or become vehicles for pure personal gain† (p. 211). according to Howell and avolio (p. 43, 1992): â€Å" charisma is value neutral it does not distinguish between good or moral and evil or immoral charismatic leadership. This means the risks involved in charismatic leadership are at least as large as the promises. Charisma can lead to blind fanaticism in the service of megalomaniacs and dangerous values, or to heroic self-sacrifice in the service of a beneficial cause. Definition of terms For the purpose of this qualitative study, the following terms and words are defined below: Leadership: Leadership is defined as the process â€Å"organizational members are influenced to facilitate the meeting or the organizational goals and objectives† (Dantzker2003, p. 146,). Cults: Cults are claimed to be deceitful. They are claimed to be harmful to their members. They are claimed to be undermining american values. (Lindlof 1995 , p. 124) Criminal: Of, involving, or having the nature of crime. (Conger et. al. 1997 , p. 55) Law Enforcement: a person employed by a local, state, tribal, or Federal justice agency including law enforcement, courts, district attorneys office. (Howell 1992 , p. 66) Terrorism: The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological. (seale 1995 , p. 81) Religion: a religion is a set of beliefs and practices often organized around supernatural and moral claims. (Denzin 1994 , p. 42) Religious Cult: a system of religious worship; devotion, homage to person or thing. (Denzin 1994 , p. 46) National Database: National Data base is a powerful, fast, multi-jurisdictional search of United states criminal records database. (Howell 1992 , p. 106) self Esteem: self-esteem can apply specifically to a particular dimension (for example: I believe I am a good writer, and feel proud of that in particular) (Lindlof 1995 , p. 236) assumptions The researcher has three basic assumptions for this qualitative research study. First, the researcher assumed the law enforcement and intelligence personnel fully understood the anonymity and confidentiality of the research study. second, participants of the study would respond providing their professional perceptions pertaining to the selected topic of the study; and third, the researcher assumed the participants would offer their perspectives and input based on their perception that their feedback to the research study will benefit law enforcement and intelligence personnel. scope, Limitations, and Delimitations after the september 11, 2001 Terrorist attacks, law enforcement leaders need to take within the parameters of the law, a proactive aggressive approach in dealing with religious extremists. a lack of knowledge and intelligence about new religious movements trifles and delays law enforcement tactical and strategic public safety operations. accountability is central to law enforcement leaders because law enforcement personnel are accountable to their agency, community, legal system, and delivery of services (Dantzker, 2003). Law enforcement plays a complex role in society (Walker Katz, p. 7, 2004). Management and leadership are important to an organization Dantzker, p. 146, 2003). at a tactical level, it is necessary to train and retrain the law enforcement, security and intelligence services, and the military to better understand and respond to the terrorist threat. There is a grave lack of knowledge and understanding of the ideologies, organizations and operations of the threat group s. For instance, instead of building the capabilities to disrupt terrorist operations at the launch phase, government enforcement agencies must develop indicators for early detection. as precursors can be procured commercially from pharmacies, chemist stores and hardware stores to manufacture explosives, police must work closely with the service sector to report suspicious procurement. The selected method of this study was a qualitative study. This qualitative study was limited to only those participants that agreed to voluntarily participate in the study. The study was also limited by the number of participants and the amount of time required to answer questionnaires and phone interviews. The study is limited to active law enforcement officers in selected federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies. This qualitative study was confined to surveying law enforcement officers in various selected law enforcement agencies for this study. since no survey instrument was available, a survey instrument was developed to conduct this qualitative study. summary Many individuals in society have wondered about prevalence of criminal cults in recent decades (Lottick, 2005). a criminal cult is a group or movement exhibiting a higher or excessive devotion or dedication to some person, idea. Criminal cults commit crimes ranging from homicide, (Branch Davidians, 1993), arson, drug trafficking, terrorism (aum shinrikyo, 1995), burglary, suicide, (Heaven’s Gate, 1997), and child abuse (Hare Krishnas, 1990). according to Kaminer, (2002) religion can cause cruelty and bigotry. all religions have murdered in the name of God (Marty, 2002). Religious terrorism is violence committed of fulfilling a divine command (Lerner Lerner, 2006). Killing in the name of God has escalated in today’s society (Traverton et al, 2005). Law enforcement needs to understand the complexity of religious differences and the problems new religious movements may generate (Perlmutter, 2004). Police agencies have a challenge to determine the danger many cults impose on society (szubin et al, 2002). CHaPTER 2: LITERaTURE REVIEW This chapter, the literature review, identifies and analysis contemporary research on the area of new religious movements, leadership, religious violence, intelligence gathering and analysis, and the role of law enforcement. The purpose of this qualitative, ethnographic study is to identify and address the barriers that prevent federal, state, and city law enforcement personnel in the United states from obtaining accurate and immediate information on criminal cults. an extensive literature search was conducted through the electronic databases of EBsCO, ProQuest, and Questia. a total of 300 peer-reviewed articles, 45 books and 25 dissertations on new religious movements, leadership theories, intelligence gathering, motivation, and adolescent theories were reviewed. a gap in the literature was identified in this study. The gap is the lack of a central law enforcement database on cults for law enforcement agencies to conduct research and comparisons on criminal cases related to cults. Intelligence Gathering and analysis Historically, intelligence sharing with law enforcement agencies and intelligence agencies was done as little as possible (Isaacson and O’Connell, 2002). Intelligence is interested in the association among individuals (scully, 2004, p. 1). The role of intelligence is a permanent and important part of the United states government (Cheltenham, p. 227, 2002). Intelligence sharing is very important with other agencies in the war against terrorism (Isaacson and O’Connell, 2002).. Intelligence is information needed to make the United states safe (CIa, 2007). Proper analysis will protect the security of the United states of america (Isaacson and O’Connell, 2002). Intelligence is defined in many ways. Intelligence is defined as â€Å"Information that is gathered clandestinely through ease dropping or other data collection method† (steele, 2006, p. 1). The art and Role of Intelligence Intelligence is defined as â€Å"a product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign countries or areas†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cole, 2005, p. 3). Criminal intelligence is the â€Å"creation of intelligence knowledge product that supports decision making in the areas of law enforcement, crime reduction, and crime prevention† (Ratcliffe. 2007, p. 8). Intelligence provides â€Å"knowledge of the enemy†¦what the enemy is doing, capable of doing, and what they may do in the future† (Coles, 2005, p. 3). social intelligence is an â€Å"in depth knowledge of local culture and custom† (scully, 2004, p. 1). The role of intelligence is looking for individuals who want to murder, change the world, and perceive others as the enemy (scully, 2004, p. 3). Cultural intelligence is defined as. â€Å"an analysis of social, political, economical and other demographic information that provides understanding of a people or nations, history, institutions, psychology, belief†¦ and behaviors† (Coles, 2005, p. 1). Cultural intelligence allows the understanding as to â€Å"why a people act as they do and how they think† (Coles, 2005, p. 1). all source analysis is the â€Å"consideration of every type of available information that helps in understanding a specific problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wolfberg, 2006, p. 40). In law enforcement, open-source information provides intelligence (Ratcliffe. 2007, p. 9). The intelligence community lacks training in thinking â€Å"effectively about the world’s current security environment (Wolfberg, 2006, p. 35). Personnel need training in observation skills of their environment, and the people around them (scully, 2004, p. 4). There is a need to reconstruct how the intelligence community thinks (Wolfberg, 2006, p. 36). In today’s world, violence has moved from great power to small states and individuals (scully, 2004, p. 1). Intelligence experts are surprised over the ruthlessness and violence of terrorists (Wolfberg, 2006, p. 35). Crime analysis and criminal intelligence must blend together. Crime analysis provides the â€Å"what is happening,† and criminal intelligence provides the â€Å"why it is happening† (Ratcliffe. 2007, p. 2). Leaders make policy based on intelligence (CIa, 2007, p. 1). Information must be properly analyzed for relevance. The analyst needs to consider all possible vulnerabilities (Isaacson and O’Connell, 2002). Information is the â€Å"currency of intelligence† (FBI, 2004). Intel